如何使用路由器为校园网内多个VLAN内电脑设备，自动分配IP地址

使用路由器作DHCP服务器

一个大中型校园网络中，有一台路由器，1000台终端设备，用户的计算机通过以太网交换机连接到路由器上，通过路由器访问其他网络，这些设备手动分配IP地址工作很繁琐，可以通路由器给PC设备自动分配IP地址。

下面演示使用DHCP中继来给电脑终端自动分配IP地址的配置方法，DHCP中继是用于在DHCP服务器与电脑终端之间转发DHCP报文，主要用于DHCP服务器与电脑终端不在同一个网段时。

路由器R1配置

<Huawei>system-view

<Huawei> sysname R1

1-启用DHCP服务

[R1]dhcp enable

2-端口配置(配置IP，作为管理IP地址)

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.99.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

3-建立地址池，有几个VLAN创建几个地址池：

[R1]ip pool vlan10

[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0；配置网段

[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]gateway-list 192.168.10.254；PC网关

[R1-ip-pool-vlan10]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114；DNS服务器

[R1]ip pool vlan20

[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]gateway-list 192.168.20.254

[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]network 192.168.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0

[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]dhcp server lease day 3

[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]dns-list 8.8.8.8

[R1-ip-pool-vlan20]q

[R1]

4-在网关所在接口，开启DHCP功能

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global //全局地址池配置

5-配置路由

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.99.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 192.168.99.2

[R1]

交换机SW1配置

<Huawei>sys

[Huawei]sysname SW1

[SW1]undo info-center enable

[SW1]vlan batch 10 20

1-配置交换机管理IP

[SW1]interface Vlanif 1

[SW1-Vlanif1]ip address 192.168.99.2 24

[SW1-Vlanif1]q

2-启用DHCP

[SW1]dhcp enable

3-配置VLAN

[SW1]int Vlanif 10

[SW1-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.254 24

[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp select relay //配置DHCP中继

[SW1-Vlanif10]dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.99.1

[SW1-Vlanif10]q

[SW1]

[SW1]int vlan20

[SW1-Vlanif20]ip address 192.168.20.254 24

[SW1-Vlanif20]dhcp select relay

[SW1-Vlanif20]dhcp relay server-ip 192.168.99.1

[SW1-Vlanif20]q

[SW1]

4-配置相应的接口类型

[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[SW1]

[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 20

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

[SW1]

交换机SW3配置

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

[Huawei]sysname SW3

[SW3]dhcp enable

[SW3]vlan batch 10 20

[SW3]interface Vlanif 1

[SW3-Vlanif1]ip address 192.168.99.3 24

[SW3-Vlanif1]q

[SW3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 20

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

[SW3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type access

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port default vlan 20

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]q

[SW3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/14

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]port link-type access

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]port default vlan 20

[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]q

[SW3]

[SW3]

交换机SW2配置

<Huawei>system-view

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

[Huawei]sysname SW2

[SW2]vlan 10

[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/12

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12]port link-type access

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12]port default vlan 10

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12]q

[SW2]

[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[SW2]

5-测试