网络技术是从1990年代中期发展起来的新技术,它把互联网上分散的资源融为有机整体,实现资源的全面共享和有机协作,使人们能够透明地使用资源的整体能力并按需获取信息。资源包括高性能计算机、存储资源、数据资源、信息资源、知识资源、专家资源、大型数据库、网络、传感器等。 当前的互联网只限于信息共享,网络则被认为是互联网发展的第三阶段。 18、使多路广播(multicasting)无效 为了使多路广播(multicasting)无效请在/etc/init.d/inetsvc中注解掉"route add 224.0.0.0"周围的几行。 19、关闭系统的snmp服务 更改 /etc/rc2.d/K07snmpdx 和/etc/rc3.d/S76snmpdx文件名 20、X-Windows不安全,可以使用ssh对其加密 21、加强网络访问控制 编辑/etc/inet.d/inetsvc,在inetd后面加上-t选项 类似命令/usr/sbin/inetd –s –t 停止再运行inetd 运行的使用使用 #/usr/sbin/inetd –s –t 22、网络访问控制 原则:去掉不必要的网络访问,在所需要的网络访问周围简历访问控制 Solaris网络服务(/etc/inet/services)[没有被注释/* */的服务可关闭] #ident "@(#)services 1.27 00/11/06 SMI" /* SVr4.0 1.8 */ # # # Copyright (c) 1999-2000 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. # All rights reserved. # # Network services, Internet style # tcpmux 1/tcp /*必须*/ echo 7/tcp echo 7/udp discard 9/tcp sink null discard 9/udp sink null systat 11/tcp users daytime 13/tcp daytime 13/udp netstat 15/tcp chargen 19/tcp ttytst source chargen 19/udp ttytst source ftp-data 20/tcp /*依服务可选*/ ftp 21/tcp /*依服务可选*/ ssh 22/tcp /*依服务可选*/ telnet 23/tcp /*依服务可选*/ smtp 25/tcp mail /*依服务可选*/ time 37/tcp timserver time 37/udp timserver name 42/udp nameserver whois 43/tcp nicname # usually to sri-nic domain 53/udp /*依服务可选*/ domain 53/tcp /*依服务可选*/ bootps 67/udp # BOOTP/DHCP server bootpc 68/udp # BOOTP/DHCP client hostnames 101/tcp hostname # usually to sri-nic pop2 109/tcp pop-2 # Post Office Protocol - V2 pop3 110/tcp # Post Office Protocol - Version 3 sunrpc 111/udp rpcbind sunrpc 111/tcp rpcbind imap 143/tcp imap2 # Internet Mail Access Protocol v2 ldap 389/tcp # Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ldap 389/udp # Lightweight Directory Access Protocol submission 587/tcp # Mail Message Submission submission 587/udp # see RFC 2476 ldaps 636/tcp # LDAP protocol over TLS/SSL (was sldap) ldaps 636/udp # LDAP protocol over TLS/SSL (was sldap) # # Host specific functions # tftp 69/udp rje 77/tcp finger 79/tcp link 87/tcp ttylink supdup 95/tcp iso-tsap 102/tcp x400 103/tcp # ISO Mail x400-snd 104/tcp csnet-ns 105/tcp pop-2 109/tcp # Post Office uucp-path 117/tcp nntp 119/tcp usenet # Network News Transfer ntp 123/tcp # Network Time Protocol ntp 123/udp # Network Time Protocol netbios-ns 137/tcp # NETBIOS Name Service netbios-ns 137/udp # NETBIOS Name Service netbios-dgm 138/tcp # NETBIOS Datagram Service netbios-dgm 138/udp # NETBIOS Datagram Service netbios-ssn 139/tcp # NETBIOS Session Service netbios-ssn 139/udp # NETBIOS Session Service NeWS 144/tcp news # Window System slp 427/tcp slp # Service Location Protocol, V2 slp 427/udp slp # Service Location Protocol, V2 mobile-ip 434/udp mobile-ip # Mobile-IP cvc_hostd 442/tcp # Network Console # # UNIX specific services # # these are NOT officially assigned # exec 512/tcp login 513/tcp shell 514/tcp cmd # no passwords used printer 515/tcp spooler # line printer spooler courier 530/tcp rpc # experimental uucp 540/tcp uucpd # uucp daemon biff 512/udp comsat who 513/udp whod syslog 514/udp /*依服务可选*/ talk 517/udp route 520/udp router routed ripng 521/udp klogin 543/tcp # Kerberos authenticated rlogin kshell 544/tcp cmd # Kerberos authenticated remote shell new-rwho 550/udp new-who # experimental rmonitor 560/udp rmonitord # experimental monitor 561/udp # experimental pcserver 600/tcp # ECD Integrated PC board srvr sun-dr 665/tcp # Remote Dynamic Reconfiguration kerberos-adm 749/tcp # Kerberos V5 Administration kerberos-adm 749/udp # Kerberos V5 Administration kerberos 750/udp kdc # Kerberos key server kerberos 750/tcp kdc # Kerberos key server krb5_prop 754/tcp # Kerberos V5 KDC propogation ufsd 1008/tcp ufsd # UFS-aware server ufsd 1008/udp ufsd cvc 1495/tcp # Network Console ingreslock 1524/tcp www-ldap-gw 1760/tcp # HTTP to LDAP gateway www-ldap-gw 1760/udp # HTTP to LDAP gateway listen 2766/tcp # System V listener port nfsd 2049/udp nfs # NFS server daemon (clts) nfsd 2049/tcp nfs # NFS server daemon (cots) eklogin 2105/tcp # Kerberos encrypted rlogin lockd 4045/udp # NFS lock daemon/manager lockd 4045/tcp dtspc 6112/tcp # CDE subprocess control /*依服务可选*/ fs 7100/tcp # Font server /*依服务可选*/ 执行方法: /etc/inet/services在相应服务前加“#”注释掉 /etc/inet/inetd.conf中注释掉services中相应的条目 查找并重启inetd进程 #ps –ef | grep inetd (获得进程号) #kill –HUP <进程号> 停止在上述列表中没有定义的服务 方法:将文件改名(用mv命令,可以将S改为X) 停止相应进程 服务: 服务 文件 进程 sendmail /etc/rc2.d/S88sendmail Sendmail DNS /etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc中in.named一项注释掉 in.named named.xfer NFS /etc/rc3.d/S15nfs.server 注释掉/etc/dfs/dfstab中条目 Nfsd Automounter /etc/rc2.d/S74autofs 删除/etc/auto_* ntp /etc/rc2.d/S74xntpd Xntpd syslog /etc/rc2.d/S74syslog Syslogd 打印 /etc/rc2.d/S80lp lpshut 23、使Sendmail更安全 使用最新版本的Berkeley sendmail (see section 3),从/etc/aliases里删除decode 将/etc/aliases的权限设为644,关掉expn和vrfy命令。将 O PrivacyOptions=authwarning 改成 O PrivacyOptions=goaway 检查 Sendmail 是否支持发信认证 参考devtools/Site/README文件在devtools/Site下建立如下site.config.m4 文件: APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_ENVDEF', `-DSASL') APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_LIBS', `-lsasl') 给Sendmail编译进SASL支持。 cd sendmail; 执行:sh Build 编译sendmail。 到cf/cf 目录下,拷贝 generic-linux.mc 为 sendmail.mc, 在sendmail.mc 中增加以下内容: define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG',`$m Server')dnl 改变sendmail欢迎信息 define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `LOGIN')dnl Unix帐号认证 define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',`novrfy,noexpn,noverb')dnl 禁用命令 define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `128')dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `32')dnl (抗拒绝服务攻击) 网络的神奇作用吸引着越来越多的用户加入其中,正因如此,网络的承受能力也面临着越来越严峻的考验―从硬件上、软件上、所用标准上......,各项技术都需要适时应势,对应发展,这正是网络迅速走向进步的催化剂。 |
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